A study to Evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program  regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy in terms of knowledge among staff nurses in selected hospitals at Bangalore

 

Ms. Vivitha S. Pinto¹*, Dr. Pushpaveni N. P²

 

ABSTRACT:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy in terms of knowledge among staff nurses in selected hospitals at Bangalore. Pre-experimental design, with convenient sampling method was used. Information was collected from 50 staff nurses regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy using the structured knowledge questionnaire. STP was implemented and post-test was conducted after 7 days to find the effectiveness. Study findings showed that pre-test knowledge scores were found to be 43.05% and after STP the posttest knowledge scores of staff nurses was found to be 77.45% which is enhanced by 34.4%. With the t-test value 25.96* and chi square value 80.18* which is significant at 5% level. Hence the result has proved that STP was effective in improving the knowledge of staff nurses on collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Good health is not only about not being ill, it is about being happy and feeling whole from a physical, mental and spiritual point of view. The study and research of human body and related health issues, helps to understand how human function, and the application of that knowledge to improve health and to prevent and cure diseases. Umbilical cord blood is rich in stem cells, which are the building blocks of the blood and the immune system. These biologically unique cells have the ability to develop into other cell types within the body. Stem cells collected from the umbilical cord have the ability to replace bone marrow and to produce various blood and immune cells.¹

 

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. In addition, in many tissues they serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive ².

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy before and after conducting structured teaching program regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

 

To find an association between post test levels of knowledge of staff nurses regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy and their selected personal variables. 

 

HYPOTHESES:

H₁:  There will be a significant increase in the mean post test knowledge scores of staff nurses working in selected hospitals at Bangalore regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

H₂: There will be a significant association between post test knowledge scores regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy and the selected personal variables among staff nurses working in selected hospitals at Bangalore.

 

ASSUMPTIONS:

1         Staff nurses will have some knowledge regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

2         Structured teaching program regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy can increase the knowledge of staff nurses regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

 

VARIABLES OF THIS STUDY:

Independent variable:

Structured teaching program on collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

 

Independent variable:

Knowledge of staff nurses regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy. 

 

Personal variables:

Age, General educational, Professional education, Clinical working experience, In- service education programs, Attended seminars/workshop, source of information.

 

DELIMITATION:

The study is delimited to 50 staff nurses at selected hospital Bangalore.

 

 

CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK:

The conceptual framework of the study parameter is based on Imogene king’s goal attainment model study is aimed at developing and evaluating the effectiveness of STP on collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy. According to Imogene King the theory discusses the attainment of goals in an open system framework, with nursing as the major system in the larger health system and emphasis in nursing on the interpersonal processes. If staff nurses are to assume the role and responsibilities expected of them, the discovery of knowledge, the system as a whole and all activities can be resolved into circuits such as interaction, perception and transaction.”

 

METHODOLOGY:

RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN:

In view to the nature of the problem selected for the study and the objectives to be accomplished, evaluative approach was considered as appropriate research approach for the present study. The research design selected for the present study is pre experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design, in which pre-test is conducted followed by structured teaching program and then conducting post-test for the same group after 7 days .

 

TARGET POPULATION:

Population is a group whose member possesses specific attributes that a researcher is interested to study. Target population in the present study was staff nurses working in selected hospital, Bangalore.

 

SETTING OF THE STUDY:

This study was conducted in Vanivilas Hospital in Bangalore. The criteria for selection of the setting are the availability of subjects, feasibility of conducting the study.

 

SAMPLE/ SAMPLE SIZE / TECHNIQUE:

The sample of this study was the staff nurses working in Vanivilas hospital, Bangalore. The sample of this study comprised of 50 staff nurses working in Vanivilas hospital, Bangalore. Convenient sampling method was used to draw the sample.

 

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLE

a)  Inclusion criteria:

1.       Staff nurses who are willing to   participate in the study.

2.       Staff nurses who are available at the time of data collection.

b)  Exclusion Criteria:

1.       Staff nurses who are on leave and sick during the time of data collection. 

 

TOOLS USED FOR THE STUDY:

A Structured knowledge questionnaire was prepared to collect the data to achive objectives of the study is depends on thorough review of literature from published and unpublished research studies, journals and consultation with the guide, subject experts of obstetrics and gynecological nursing.

Section-I:

Consisted of 09 items related to socio demographic data of the subjects such as age in years, gender, religion, professional qualification, experience (years), work area, pre exposure to  collection of cord blood, In- service training  and source of information on collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

 

Section-II:

Structured knowledge questionnaire consisted of 40 items on knowledge regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION:

Formal administrative permission to conduct study was obtained from the Medical Superintendent, and nursing superintendent of vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore and from subjects. The pre-test was conducted to 50 staff nurses working in vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore by using structured knowledge questionnaire; approximately 45 minutes were spent for collecting data. The investigator gathered staff nurses in a comfortable room and conducted STP. After 7 days post-test was given with the same structured knowledge questionnaire. Each subject took about 45 minutes to complete the post-test. The data collection process was terminated by thanking the subjects co-operation and participation.

 

 

 

 

Table 1 :Aspect wise mean Pre test and Post test Knowledge on Collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy N = 50

S. No.	Knowledge Aspects	Respondents Knowledge						Paired ‘t’ Test
		Pre test		Post test		Enhancement
		Mean (%)	SD	Mean (%)	SD	Mean (%)	SD
I	General information of Stem cell	41	1.62	77.85	1.68	36.85	0.06	16.12*
II	Information on Stem cell therapy	54	0.44	86	0.448	32	0.008	8*
III	Umbilical cord stem cells	45.4	1.08	79.8	1.10	34.4	0.02	15.85*
IV	Steps of collection processing and storage	44.5	1.13	73.27	1.2	28.72	0.10	14.36*
V	Cord blood  banking	32	0.52	77.33	0.7	45.33	0.17	9.06*

 * Significant at 5% level,    NS: Non-Significant,  t (0.05, 49df) =1.96

 

Table 2: Over All Pre Test And Post Test Mean Knowledge On Collection Of Cord Blood For Stem Cell Therapy N=50

Aspects	Max. Score	Respondents Knowledge			Paired ‘t’ Test
		Mean	SD	Mean (%)
Pre test	40	17.22	2.65	43.05	25.96*
Post test	40	30.98	2.70	77.45
Enhancement	40	13.76	0.046	34.4

* Significant at 5% level, t (0.05,49df ) = 1.96

 

 

Table 3: Association Between Demographic Variables And Post Test Knowledge Level

Sl No	Characteristics	Category		Respondents				c2	P
				Moderate		Adequate
				N	%	N	%
1	Age (years)	21-30	24	6	25	18	75	0.5837	0.9001   P<0.05
		15-40	13	3	23.07	10	76.92
		41-50	8	2	25	6	75
		51 and above	5	2	40	3	60
2	Gender	Male	6	2	33.33	4	66.66	0.1906	0.6624 P<0.05
		Female	44	11	25	33	75
3	Religion	Hindu	44	9	20.45	35	79.55	6.2937*	0.0430   P<0.05
		Christian	4	3	75	1	25
		Muslim	2	1	50	1	50
		Others	0	0	0	0	0
4	Professional Qualification	Diploma	17	1	5.88	16	94.11	5.4182*	0.0199   P<0.05
		Graduation	33	12	36.36	21	63.64
		Post graduation	0	0	0	0	0
		Others	0	0	0	0	0
5	1.  Experience in years	0 -5	25	6	24	19	76	2.0864	0.5547   P<0.05
		6-10	11	2	18.18	9	81.82
		11-15	5	1	20	4	80
		15 and above	9	4	44.44	5	55.56
6	Area of Working	Medical  surgical ward	0	0	0	0	0	5.4257*	0.0198   P<0.05
		Paediatric ward	4	3	75	1	25
		OBG ward	46	10	21.74	36	78.26
		Any other	0	0	0	0	0
7	Pre exposure to collection of cord blood	Yes	10	0	0	10	100	4.3919*	0.0361 P<0.05
		No	40	13	32.5	27	67.5
8	In-Service Training	Yes	3	0	0	3	100	1.1213	0.2896 P<0.05
		No	47	13	27.65	34	72.34
9	Source of information	Mass media	25	3	12	22	88	6.3929*	0.0409   P<0.05
		Health personnel	20	7	35	13	65
		Peer group	5	3	60	2	40
		Any others	0	0	0	0	0

* Significant at 5% level,    NS: Non-Significant

 

 

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:

Majority 48% of the respondent’s fall between the age of 21-30 years. majority 88 % of the respondents are females. majority of the respondents 88% are Hindus   the professional qualification of 66% of the respondents is graduation. majority 50% of respondents fall  between 0-5 years of experience. majority 92 % of the respondents are working in OBG ward. majority 80% of the respondents were not exposed to collection of cord blood procedure. that majority 94% of subjects had no in-service education regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy. majority 50 % of respondents got information regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy from mass media.

 

The overall knowledge in pre-test is 43.05%, which is less. This shows that there is lack of information among staff nurses regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy. Although some staff nurses had moderate knowledge (26%), and majority of them had inadequate knowledge (74%) regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

 

There was a considerable improvement of knowledge after the Structured Teaching Program on collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy and is statistically established as significant.

 

Pre-test knowledge scores were found to be 43.05% and after STP the posttest  knowledge scores of staff nurses was found to be 77.45% which is enhanced by 34.4%. with the t-test value 25.96* and chi square value 80.18* which is significant at 5% level.

 

This study was supported by similar study conducted to assess the health professionals' knowledge of umbilical cord stem cell, collection, preservation and utilization at selected maternity hospitals in Coimbatore.

 

The study results showed that post-test score (mean: 39.6 %, 2.57) was higher than that of pre-test score (mean: 13.23%, 3.88).concluded that the STP was effective in enhancing the knowledge of health professionals regarding umbilical cord blood stem cells collection, preservation and utilization and the teaching programme had a role in improving the knowledge of the health professionals 3.

 

CONCLUSION:

1.       The pre-test knowledge score among majority (84%) of staff nurses were inadequate and post-test knowledge (74%) score found adequate.

2.       There was significant enhancement (34.4%) in knowledge of staff nurses after conducting Structured Teaching Program on collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

3.       There was significant association between post-test knowledge scores and selected personal variables such as religion, professional qualification, area of experience, pre exposure to collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy and source of information at 0.05 level.

4.       The findings of the study revealed that there was no significant association between post-test knowledge score and selected personal variables such as age in years, gender, experience in years and in service education regarding collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy at 0.05 level.

 

RECOMMENDATION:

1.          A replication of present study can be conducted with a larger population.

2.          A similar study can be conducted on pregnant women.

3.          Manuals and information booklets may be developed to enhance knowledge on collection of cord blood for stem cell therapy.

 

REFERENCES:

1.     http://www.expectantmothersguide.com/library/national/umbilical-cord-blood-banking.htm

2.     http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics1.aspx

3.     Kumaraswamy S, Muthulakshmi P. Umbilical cord stem cell collection, preservation, and utilisation. Nightingale Nursing Times 2010 Apr;6:16-17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 16.02.2017          Modified on 28.03.2017

Accepted on  21.06.2017      ©A&V Publications All right reserved